Cultural Diversity An Understanding Of Multiple Cultures

ä ¼ËœÃ¨ ´ ¨Ã¦Å  ¤Ã§ â€ Ã¦Å" Ã¥Å  ¡, Qualità ¤t in der Pflege, è ³ ªÃ£  ®Ã© «ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£â€š ±Ã£â€š ¢, và ¥rdkvalitet, atencià ³n de calidad, quality care. In the nursing profession in order for there to be quality care there needs to be an understanding of multiple cultures. Cultural diversity is the â€Å"plurality of ideas and opinions for behavior to which people are exposed, adding to the texture and complicity of a society.† (Craven, Hirnle, Jensen, n.d., p. 1396) Cultural acceptance and knowledge of diverity does not just begin in the place of employment, it is also important in the education of nursing as well. Diverse teaching and a diverse set of nursing students is what is needed in order for cultural diversity to be understood and for quality care to be met in the up and coming nurses. In nursing education there needs to be diverse nursing students, increased effectiveness in education with diverse nursing students, and in hospitals an increase in racial and ethical diversity. Diversity is the similarities and differences in age, culture, education, ethnicity, experience, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation and many more. For many years when one though of a nurse they imagined a white woman in a white uniform. In the world today, with so many different views and beliefs there needs to be a greater diverse pool of nurses. Achieving this diversity of nurses starts with nursing students. â€Å"Expansion of diversity within the nursing student body and thereby in the nursing profession is acknowledged as a desirable goal thatShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education Is A Method For Instruction That Values Diversity Within The Classroom1227 Words   |  5 PagesIn the United States diversity will become progressively more reflected in our schools. 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Carroll Current Issues in OB Final Diversity Management and Cultural Intelligence Diversity Management and cultural intelligence is the crucial keys in today’s workforce to successfully compete in a global marketplace. Corporations can no longer use lack of cultural intelligence as an excuse. Organizations pursuing global success must embrace diversity in their thoughts, actions, and innovations. Diversity doesn’t just focus on making the numbers, but how the organization’s

Different Ways Of Doing Work At Home Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4012 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The term Entrepreneur is defined by many scholars. A common definition says Entrepreneur is a French term for any person who develops and undertakes a new enterprise at some risk (or failure or loss).  [1] WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEFINED: Marlow (2002) gave an insight into the concept of Gender Entrepreneurship that it is not restricted to only one gender now, somewhat due to many pressures faced by women; they have found the sight of their own and of their familys economic survival by working alongside men (Kalim, n.d.). In the words of Moore and Buttner (1997) and Brunetto (2009), women entrepreneurs are defined as those who avail their knowledge and possessions to initiate a new venture, who are vigorously involved in organizing their undertaking, and are the owner of at least 50 percent of the business (Rashid Anwar, n.d). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Different Ways Of Doing Work At Home Business Essay" essay for you Create order INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The concept of Women Entrepreneurship is gaining importance among various classes of societies across nations. Female entrepreneurship is creating magic capacity to craft huge miracles all over the world and bring out potentially privileged women in the business environment and providing females with the ultimate joy of her decisions. Despite the importance of late, but well recognized women entrepreneurship; business is still regarded as a sphere of influence amongst men in any society due to various social aspects and prejudices against the women business phenomenon. Academic circles and government of developing countries have not properly highlighted female business owners, in spite of their momentous mark in entrepreneurial junctions. The business world has implanted gender gap and this incongruity is abundant in developing nations, which are socially and culturally towards the back and is characterized by societal discriminations. Wennekers (1999) discusses that worldwid e, females are believed to be having a feeble gender in both physical and an emotional sense. Hence, the panoramas to expand into business experts still needs to be discovered and requires more concentration (Kalim, n.d.). Hisrich (1999) believes that women stay hesitant in startups merely because of the trends and pressures of the community and society. In developing countries, particularly, there are more of other aspects which influence a woman to stay at a distance in becoming a potential entrepreneur (Kalim, n.d.). Pakistan, being a developing country in the Asia pacific region has more number of women than men. Adhering to the patriarchal roles of both sexes in the country, a females position is believed to be fit in the home and not in the place of work, where a man is the sole income earner of the family. Thus, investment in women business or education is by far very less as compared to that of men. Pakistani women undergo a dearth of opportunities.  [2]  According to the Pakistan Economic Census, 2005 by the Federal Bureau of Statistics, there are 70,658 women business owners operating in Pakistan. It represents 3 % of all ventures in Pakistan, It is estimated that the majority of women fall into the category of firms belonging to SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). The level of women participating in the development of the business currently is around 16%.  [3]  According to GEM, 2011 report, women in Pakistan, represents as only one-tenth of entrepreneurs.  [4] In Pakistan, the number of individuals having a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship is less than the average of its factor driven peer economies. Moreover, the female population has a less positive attitude towards entrepreneurship in Pakistan as compared to the male population (A.Mian Qureishi, 2010). The Pakistani women venture growth is meager, but still, there are gradual signs of progressions. Roomi Parrot (2008) discusses that there are different socio-ec onomic factors which obstruct the promising escalation of female self-employment opportunities and calls for the spotlight given by the government and academicians. These factors create barriers to fold many of the dimensions that can be related not only to motivational factors, but also to the operational issues associated for running a female owned undertaking. Due to these factors, in spite of having a greater and productive number of women, the nation is deprived of proper utilization of their unleashed potential which is essential for its economic development and prosperity. Even, the capable women of Pakistan do not enjoy the luxury of self-owned business. This particular study has a specific aim of establishing the fact that there exists an alliance among various important aspects acting as antecedents to the business related performance which is at the disposal of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan. EVOLUTION: The entrepreneurial study traces back to the work of Richard Cantillon and Adam Smith in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, but was overlooked until the late 19th and early 20th centuries until a radical upswing in the business and economics in the last 40 years. In the 20th century, the insight of entrepreneurship is to be indebted to the efforts of economist Joseph Schumpeter in the 1930s and other Austrian economists such as Friedrich Von Hayek, Carl Menger and Ludwing Von Mises. The evolution of women entrepreneurship was started by Marxists bloc who came up with the idea that supports women liberation and empowerment. Pakistani women were involved in the production for centuries. In 1988, Benazir Bhutto (daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto) turned out to be the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan, and the first women elected to head a Muslim country. She proclaimed plans to set up females courts, police stations and womens development banks. Womens Studies Center s at five universities were created in Islamabad, Karachi, Quetta, Peshawar and Lahore in the year 1989 by the Ministry of Women Development (MWD). Conversely, due to lack of administrative and financial support, four of these centers became non-functional. Womens financial needs were dealt by launching the First Women Bank Ltd. (FWBL) in 1989. By 1990, women made up in making up only 19 percent of the labor force. The United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) held a national study in 1992 on womens contribution in the economy and set forth for the policy planners and donor agencies to realize and cut the parables of womens participation in labor force. Information from this study was also incorporated into the 8th Five-Year Plan (1993-98). At that time, there were assorted groups supporting small-scale projects all through the state incorporating the All-Pakistan Womens Association, Womens Action Forum, Business and Professional Womens Association, and the Pakistan Women Lawyers Association. Protection against stalking of women at the workplace Bill 2009 was signed by President Asif Ali Zardari on 29th January, 2010, which the parliament espouse on 21st January, 2010. Business women in the formal sense, is still a new concept. The entrepreneurial atmosphere for females in Pakistan reflects complex interplay of many factors, which consists of the social, cultural, religious and traditional. For ages, they are embedded in the patriarchal system and are clearly reflected in the form of lower status of women. CURRENT STATUS: Females involvement in the current society extends beyond agricultural economy. They are majorly migrating to metropolitan areas in search of employment in a variety of cottage industries. Many women are coming under the horizon of entrepreneurial world. Women representing 51% of total population in Pakistan has shown that they have been playing a highly anticipated and a challenging task fuelling the economic growth of the country in the past decade. What is interesting in this context is 3.7% increase in 2008-09 for the people, of which the growth rate of women in the labor market is higher than their counterparts. (Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2009-10). The opportunities are to a great extent much more open now. More role models and encouragement is being provided with much more women coming out in the entrepreneurial world. Yet, there is still a strong scarcity of considerate initiatives that is required by existing business facilitation institutions and government. Th e new scenario is raising woman as an entrepreneur as there is own chamber of commerce. The women bank is in place and there are other institutes providing support to female business owners. Moreover, there are lots of females entering the entrepreneurial junctions as in services sector, apparel, education and likewise in many such horizons. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Over all Objectives: To explore and identify the factors that affects the performance of women entrepreneurs. Specific aims: To identify the factors that limits women mobility, economic participation and business activity. Reviewing the operating environment under which women are constraint. Identifying what supports are given to women entrepreneurs (by institutes/organizations) to solve problems they face. Acknowledge womens worth and work and their contribution in all spheres of life which in major circumstances is being ignored plus their role as equal partners in development and for making economic, social and political progresses. 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The importance of conducting this study is that it will be beneficial to all those information seekers and many more. The imperativeness of this study is as under: The study would help me better understand the realistic factors that lead to confining the performance of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan and this thesis will serve as a strong basis for my future educational and professional life. It can provide as a source of valuable information to anyone specially women undertaking entrepreneurial junction. It can be a valuable source of information for government and institutes with the purpose of providing support to women entrepreneurs. Moreover, information exchanges between these institutes and different organizations will be increased. The study conducted can be a reliable source to the research based organizations. Linkages with the international women organizations and other international bodies would be made. The study can be an impulsive reference material for teachers and students. 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study is curbed to the premises of Karachi. The research information will be collected from women entrepreneurs engaged in various businesses in multi unit industry, and organizations which are working for the expansion of women capabilities in different fields of work and taking care of their interests. 1.5 DELIMITATIONS The project is limited to the views of the Women Entrepreneurs and the Women support Organizations in Karachi. There is a possibility that the respondents can be biased and are not willing to express their true feelings. Moreover, due to changing economic conditions, or any change in the structure or services of the women support organizations after the submission of the report will not be taken into account. 1.6 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS BUSINESS VENTURE: A start-up enterprise developed with the purpose of financially profiting. It may also be taken as a small business. COMMUNITY: A community is a group of interacting organisms sharing an environment. In human communities, intent, beliefs, needs, preferences, resources, risks and a number of other conditions may be present and common, affecting the identity of the participants and their degree of cohesiveness. SOCIETY: Generally, people living collectively with laws and conventions in arranged communities, directing the way that they act towards one another. It can also be a club or organization of people who holds a special interest or who indulges in a particular activity. PATRIARCHY: It is a form of social institute, where a male is the prime head of the family. Kinship and title are traced through the male line. Any such society or role governed by such a belief is known to be a patriarchal society/role. SMEs: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are autonomous, non-subsidiary firms employing less than a given number of employees. This number varies across countries. EMPOWERMENT: It is giving the authority or command to someone to carry out something. In other words, it may also be termed as making someone certain and more confident, particularly, in controlling their lives and claiming their rights. DISCRIMINATION: It is the unfair or ill-treatment of a person, racial, group, minority, etc, i.e., the actions based on prejudices. STALKING: It is a criminal activity consisting of the repeated followings and harassing of another person. GEM : Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is the worlds largest research association of entrepreneurship. It is the yearly assessment of the entrepreneurial activity, ambitions and attitudes of people across various nations. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: It is the progress in an economy, or the qualitative measure of this. Adoption of new technologies, transition from agriculture-based to industry-based economy and general improvement in living is referred as economic development. COUNSELING: Counseling refers to one individual (the counselor) assisting another individual (the client) to work on some painful or complex emotional relationship or behavioral dilemma or difficulty. A form of guidance or advice by an educated person is known as Counseling. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: A form of business network, e.g. a local organization of business with the aim of promoting the business interests. FACTOR-DRIVEN ECONOMIES: The countries that live on for basic requirements. From subsistence agriculture to extraction of natural resources is the dominant basis or key development focus of factor-driven economies. EFFICIENCY-DRIVEN ECONOMIES: These countries key development focus is on increased industrialization and producing more advanced products and services highly efficiently. INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMIES: Research and development, growing services sector and knowledge intensity is the central source of the advantage of Innovation-driven nations. These economies have i ncreased potential for innovative entrepreneurial activity. 1.7 DIFFERENT WAYS OF STARTING OWN WORK SITTING AT HOME In our patriarchal system, most women, especially after marriage becomes too busy that they do not prefer a 9 -5 job as a feasible option with kids and family, but that is not the end of the roads. According to a famous proverb When there is a will, there is a way, holds true for such women who may start their own work and be able to earn money by sitting at home too! Various opportunities are stated as under: Tuition: There are many students who want to be assisted and tutored in one or many subjects, if any women at home can handle any subject; the option is open for her/them. Organizing Children Parties: Most of the children celebrate their birthdays and their parents often offer such event organizing to various event managers or other people interested in the work. So, this is a very good opportunity for women to knock. They may start off with a little painting, making birthday decoration banners, cards or goodie bags for the party. Food and Catering This is an excellent means for those who have a good hand in cooking. Those women who have an expertise in this arena may provide excellent hygienic homemade food to the working people. After setting contacts with offices, bakery, homes or any other spot, they can offer their catering to these junctions by sitting at home. Moreover, if these women have well teaching skills, they may also conduct cooking classes too. Resume Making Impressive resumes are the gateways for getting good jobs. So, women seeking home based work may start their careers with pitched and designed resume making business. A resume writer is in great demand, so the women with this skill and interest might enter this area with a deep understanding of how different industries appoints employees, the qualification they look in for the candidate and the manner in which recruitments are carried out. Graphic Designer A graphic designer also requires animation, logos and graphic for websites. Women can design the jobs of their dreams by creating brochures, menus, invitation and more for clients in need of their graphic skills. Equipped with good illustrated talents, imaginative skills and aesthetic senses, anyone can take the plugs into this much in demand occupation. Women need to have the latest knowledge about design software, such as Photoshop, illustrator, GIF animator and QuarkXPress. Women adopting this occupation should be ready to take criticisms and rejections in their stride and be open for suggestions coming in from their respective clients. Editorial Services If a woman has an excellent command over the language, good grammar, spelling skills and an ability to translate ideas into words in an interesting and lucid way with a good imagination, then she is just the right person to run an editorial service. Managing an editorial service essentially involves writing copy texts, slogans and articles for publications, at firms or at a public relations organization. If suitably skilled, women can add the news letters of legal, medical or technical organizations as well. As an unspecialized editor, they may also render services to ad agencies, PR houses and general publication. Computer Instructor Women should have a complete command over the machine and be able to explain complicated jargons in simple terms, good communication skills and effective interpersonal rapport will make them a favored instructor. They can teach basic computer skills to adults, children, senior citizens, new employees, students and to the people in their own locality. Internet Researcher With a few clicks and keywords, a woman can surf her own way into profit with an internet research business. All they know is the way around Alta Vista, Lycos, Hotspot, Yahoo, Google and other search engines. The essential qualities to be a successful internet researcher are sharp research skills, a thorough familiarity with the net and leading websites/journals on various topics and flair of sorting out important fact from the content. Image Consultant The job basically stands for offering service on personality enhancement, ranging from how to dress, speak and significantly advice on body language. Women can consult individual clients or organize community workshops to make people be more confident of their looks and disposition. Counseling If any woman has the desired qualification or practical experience, they may council people for marital, teenage, depression-related problems with the help of proper mental and emotional healing. Writing blogs A large number of women are engaged in writing blogs and they have been able to earn lots of money. Apart of just making money, women develop networking as well, where people acknowledge them. This is one of the most flexible jobs women can undertake. In Pakistan, this concept is gaining awareness and women are engaging in this own home-based working. Madrassa A large number of religious families find it difficult to send their women outside of their homes. Opening up of a madrassa for teaching of kids and ladies is a very effective way of working at home at own-set schedule. Starting a business on social media The most demanding and hype creating arena for a woman to work sitting at home is by starting a business on social media. The business may be ranged from offering candles to designing of dresses is done. This is the most common and the latest trend of doing business. 1.8 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT CHAPTER NO.2 RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY 2.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY 2.3 RESEARCH DESIGN 2.4 UNIT OF ANALYSIS 2.5 TIME HORIZON 2.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 2.7 DATA COLLECTION 2.8 DATA ANALYSIS 2.9 CONCLUSION 2.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter identifies and explains the conceptual framework and tools used in conducting the study. 2.1 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY According to Easterby-Smith et al (1997), the research philosophy is important to be explored because it assists the researcher to specify the research methods and to clarify the overall research strategy to be used in the study. Likewise, there are two major types of research philosophies, namely positivism and interpretivism (Fisher, 2004). Davies (2007) also identified research philosophies as positivism and interpretivism. In the words of Collis and Hussey (2003, pg:52), Positivism relies on the fact that human behavioral studies should be conducted the same way as the studies conducted in natural sciences. The fundamental assumption in this philosophy is that there exists an objective reality which is independent of human behavior. Furthermore, Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Law (2002) states that positivist approach relies on statistical studies and it gathers those observations that can be quantified. Whereas, the other philosophy, namely interpretivism assists in better u nderstanding of intentions and goals behind peoples actions and reactions (Saunders et al, 2003). In the words of Saunders (2007, p:107), this philosophy is suitable for business and management research as they are concerned with the social world in which we live. This philosophy favors qualitative data. The researcher is open to new ideas throughout the study. Moreover, unlike positivism, interpretivist philosophy is not confined to what can be physically observed. According to Web (1989), the disparity between the philosophies is overstated to some scholars. Polit (2001) also state that triangulation of methods in current day research is common. Moreover, in the words of Scheurich (2007) management and business research is often a mixture of both philosophies. Therefore, adhering to all this, the research would mainly incorporate interpretivist approach but some elements of positivist philosophy are also included as the research mainly examines human beings, their behavior and experiences in an in-depth way and also it will study the realities that have an effect on humans. 2.2 RESEARCH STRATEGY Research strategy is a roadmap for a researcher to further his study. Yin (2003) and Saunders et al (2009) recognized different variety of research strategies with underlying consideration to identify the advantages and disadvantages of all these and to select the most appropriate one(s). Collis and Hussey (2009) identified some common research strategies as: experiment, survey, case study, action research, grounded theory, archival research and ethnography. Feminist perspective is another research strategy  [5]  . Multiple research strategies are adopted for this research project keeping in line with its objectives. The survey method is also taken into account of this research. In this method, the researcher adopts two techniques (i.e. by spreading questionnaire and conducting semi-structured interviews) to collect relevant data for my research work. The researcher will develop a personally administered questionnaire inquiring the view points of women entrepreneurs in accor dance with research problem. The other technique that I will employ is by conducting a semi-structured interview with organizations supporting women entrepreneurial junctions by asking relevant questions. Feminist perspective is the third strategy adopted in this research. This strategy focuses on knowledge grounded in female experiences and is beneficial to everyone, especially women. In the business sense, study revolves around womens role in a business or organization and on their views, roles, influences and concerns. 2.3 RESEARCH DESIGN To conduct this research, both exploratory and descriptive study will be considered. As exploratory study will help the researcher in aiming to explore factors that affects the performance of women entrepreneurs and descriptive study will help the researcher in describing the characteristics of people, organizations and environments surrounding these women entrepreneurs as essential for the research. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative data would comprise the study. 2.4 UNIT OF ANALYSIS The units of analysis are the respondents of this research report, which would be: The women entrepreneurs of Karachi with a sample size of 35 to provide greater heterogeneity. The questionnaires were filled out by face to face meetings, using social networking websites and also via email correspondence. Organizations/Institutes supporting women entrepreneurs. 2.5 TIME HORIZON 2.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT: Interview Questionnaire Observation 2.7 DATA COLLECTION For the data collection process, it is very necessary to identify and select the appropriate data collection method for the research. Saunders et al (2007) identified five methods of gathering data: Interviews, Sampling, secondary data, questionnaires and observation. Additionally, there are two main types of data collection sources as primary and secondary. Primary data sources for the research include: Questionnaire to women entrepreneurs in multi-unit capacities across Karachi Semi-structured Interview from Organizations supporting women entrepreneurs Observation would be used in order to get authentic and pertinent acquaintance to note down the gestures and behaviors of the respondents involved in the study. Secondary data sources for the research include: Internet Articles/Journals and Websites Magazines Newspaper Information/Articles Dissertations Blogs Conference Proceedings 2.8 DATA ANALYSIS The ultimate objective of the analysis is to identify the factors that are affecting the performance of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. So, for this purpose, the data will be analyzed using both the qualitative and quantitative forms. The presentation would be done as: Questionnaires will be analyzed using excel and simple mathematical techniques. Charts and graphs will also be used to present the data collected. Verbal interpretation will be utilized to explain the findings of the research. Thus, the data analysis in this course of action would fetch valuable conclusions for the dissertation. 2.9 CONCLUSION The methodology adopted for the research was the underlying focus in this chapter. In-depth understanding of the research process and design were presented. The next chapter will highlight the reviews of the literature for women in business, their issues and factors that affects their performance.

Homelessness A Review Of Literature Essay - 1212 Words

Homelessness: A Review of Literature A vast amount of studies have been conducted on homelessness in Canada and what the looks like in our society. How can we change this to become a mare successful ideas of help?The main topic that is going to try to be addressed is Homelessness and how help may be provided to those who are in need. The first thing that needs to be addressed is how displayed in the following articles and are they beneficial to our society. The ideas that the following article was written by Racine, G (2002) about the woman telling their experiences with help from society, while in poverty.Another source that is going to be dissected is an article written by Anucha, U (2010) addresses are going to address is it true that Homelessness is housed but not helped? The next article is written and will be examined is by Fallis G (2010) that is going to address to be on our current housing policy for those without a home. 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A Literature Review on Accounting Software Packages Taitung Food

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Accounting Software Packages. Answer: Introduction The company which I will review in this part is Taitung Food Services based in Australia. It distributes food products which include seafood, poultry, small goods, Asian fine foods and ingredients, fats and oils, frozen goods and carton meat among others. It employs accounting software packages in its operations. Its Current Organizational Structure Organizational structure refers to the official patterns of interplay and coordination engineered by the management to connect the individuals` and groups` tasks in attaining organizational goals (Aquinas, 2008). He adds that, however, organizations too have informal structures that are not engineered by management but egress normally due to common friendship or interests and that organizational structure is meant to avert chaos by establishing an orderly set of reporting interactions and communication channels. This coincides with (Yasmine Huub, 2014) argument that organizational structure should make sure the decision-making process is founded on expertise and should avert scenarios of conflicts of interest. The organizational structure of the company follows that one of a typical food industry firm. At the bottom, we have the position personnel that includes line cooks, prep, dishwashers, pantry, servers, and hosts. Operational Problems Associated with this Structure Operational challenges are inevitable in any given organizational structure. Some of the major problems related to the above structure include workforce wastage, Personnel shortage, bureaucracy and occasional frictions between senior and junior employees among others. A blend of the organization size and the concordant complexity of its operations can make it exceedingly hard for one person to hold everything together (Eric Yvonne, 2012). This corresponds with (Vasconcellos, 2004) argument that the job environment is the most discerning factor for workers and is often called the `common cause` of workforce wastage and production challenges within food plants. Taitung Food Service could face the problem of personnel shortage since it has assistant managers without supervisors to help in the activities that need supervision day in day out. However, the operational units in an organization can make good decisions as independent objectives seeking systems and the synchronization by the organizational level is not required (Yasuhiko Mihajlo, 2012). This implies that there still could be smooth operations in the company even when each department is functioning independently. Most Likely System Acquisition Method Based on the medium size nature of the company, the highly possible acquisition criteria would be commercial software. Accounting for ones business is an indispensable activity to enable ones long term success (Steven Tim, 2009). This means that financial accounting is necessary for any given organization including small, medium and even multinational firms. It will be more economical for the Taitung Food Service to purchase commercial software besides it other merits. Commercial software cost is spread across many users; the unit cost is normally lowered to a fraction of the in-house developed system cost and has slim chances of experiencing errors compared to an equivalent in-house system (James, 2008). As such, the company can comfortably afford it. However, the firm has the choice of obtaining custom software, but some of its shortcomings are a major discouragement especially to such a medium sized company. Custom systems frequently take a long duration to develop and that it may take months or even years to fully develop a custom system via in-house procedures (James, 2008). On the contrary, small commercial software systems may be executed almost forthwith upon recognizing a need and consequently, the user does not have to wait (James, 2008). This vividly implies that it would be prudent for the company to adopt commercial software since it permits it to put it in operation right away without much time wastage as it would be in the case of custom-made software. It is, however, hard for anyone to ignore the unique merit of custom accounting software, that is, its many components and applications. Custom accounting software has paramount applications like wages, cost accounts, inventories, suppliers, purchases and sales (Shahza d Mathew, 2010). System flowchart of the Company Sales Procedures A systems flowchart refers to the wide flow of work via the organization, and it normally emphasizes the data flow (Donald, 2002). This simply means that it is a description of the sequential and harmonious flow of activities within a particular organizational department or even the entire institution. However, (Donald, 2002) points out that, many times they are used to document both general accounting systems and specific computer programs. As such, the wider application of systems flowcharts is usually in computer related programs and accounting issues. (Donald, 2002) Goes on to add that the chief merit of the systems flowchart is that a graphical presentation of a system or rather a series of sequential processes is much easier to comprehend compared to a verbal description. This is evidently true especially considering that it is far much easier to follow the activities within systems flowchart for a majority of people even to laypeople. The systems flowchart displaying the sales procedures of Taitung Food Services would appear as illustrated below. Customer Sales Discount Margin Bill Account The arrows show the flow of activities which follow a cycle format while the empty boxes allow for the upward and downward arrows. The crucial activities within the flowchart play a key role in ensuring the smooth operation within the sales department of the company. As vividly seen, the customer is the major priority, and then the rest of the aspects touching on the customer follow. The cycle then continues. Control Problems in the System The commercial software system experiences some setbacks. At times there occur input-output control problems in the software. Input depicts the keying in of the data into the system, for instance, entering accounting data into the software system. There is an activity that occurs in the midst of input and output, that is, there exist a process that pertains changing of the keyed-in data mostly in the form of digits into final systematic information. The output means the documents or results produced by the system and most of the times it is in the form of a printout. This implies that the work fed into the system fails to produce an output which matches the input amount. As such, this brings about the issue of either overloading or under loading in the system. In case there is overloading, the system becomes crowded, and this translates into increased inefficiencies and poor quality work. On the other hand, when under loading occurs, it translates into resource wastage. Using a vendo r-supported system usually makes the company reliant on the vendor for maintenance (James, 2008). This is true since the Taitung Food Services has procured the services of the host firm as users only. He goes on to add that the user faces the risk that the vendor will stop to support the system or even exit the business. Furthermore, according to him, the unique and complex needs of a firm may not be met by commonly available software which is too inflexible or too general. The possible fraud problem types include fraudulent activities and embezzlement of funds executed by manipulating the system. The advancement and acceptation of the accounting software Packages The advancements made in this industry date back in the past several decades. The need to automate accounting activities began in the early 1960s (Ashutosh, 2006). According to him, a majority of the accounting software firms began in the early like Intuit started in the early 1980s. Several specialist software houses have designed whole solicitors` accounts software packages over the past decade and have a considerable maturity (Ralph, 2013). The increased advancement in the accounting software is greatly attributed to the increasing complexity of the business world. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) works as a chief management package in a majority of organizations globally for the last two decades (Masaaki, 2016). The high levels of adoption of these packages are due to their ability to simplify the otherwise tedious and complex accounting process for small, medium and large corporations. Business accounting software has had a remarkable impact on the financial setting (Abrar, 20 14). He adds that, moreover, because of technology, the accounting task which previously would have been executed by a group of people can be achieved by a single induvial. Today, the accounting software packages have been immensely adopted globally. The Current Market Size The present market size is estimated to be around 2.84 billion dollars, and it constitutes key market players like Sage, Xero, Oracle, and Microsoft among others. The present day market size for accounting software packages is significant due to their perceived efficacy and effectiveness besides their ability to simplify accounting work. The sage market share has been declining in the recent past. However, the firm is aiming at embracing a customer-centred model which involves the adoption of cloud-based products for its customers. Xero`s market dominance remains significantly high despite competition from other firms, particularly in Australia. The company plans to introduce cloud-based software for the small businesses. As such, the developers and manufacturers of the accounting software packages enjoy a huge market across the globe. Leaders in the market and their competitive advantage In the recent years, the industry of accounting software development has experienced stiff competition attributed to the bulging demand for the software by a large number of businesses worldwide. MCBA Inc. is a leading accounting software manufacturer for Digital Equipment (Martin, 2014). According to him, it has an eighteen module accounting and manufacturing software line and that it has enhanced its present Unit line. Xero and Oracle enjoy a huge customer base across the globe, and this is attributed to their wide range of software products. The two companies have majored on the development of cloud-based accounting software. As such, they have won a large number of customers, especially the small and medium size businesses. This implies that their accounting software is mainly based on online usage, that is, it needs internet use. Current challenges for users of accounting software packages and the relevant recommendations Some of the present day problems include perceived security challenges, technology failure risks, inadequate user skills, internet performance reliability issues among several others. A great number of such users normally complain of security issues particularly for those using the cloud accounting software packages, which is chiefly dependent on the internet. The majority of these problems are often rare and can be mitigated or even everted by following some of the mentioned steps below. Ensuring that there are internet backup mechanisms which may be an alternative Wi-Fi access point or Ethernet cable network, installing of firewall in the organization`s computer systems to protect the organization`s accounts details from being infected by malware or even from possible hacking(who in most times use the financial information to blackmail an organization) , have some manual accounting backup, ensure that the users of the accounting software are well trained and skilled with up to date accounting software standards to enable them adequately cope with the current demands among other credible measures. Here I am going to highlight some of the limitations of Oracle and Sap and their products in the market. Oracle faces the limitation of poor implementation of sales which has contributed to the reduced profits exhibited by the firm in the recent past. This means that the company has been employing sales techniques that have not been suitable for it in the stiffly competed market. On the other hand, Sap`s main lacking is the performance problems of some of its products especially the ERP software. There have been some instances of reports about system failures of the ERP product form some customers. References Abrar, H. (ed.), 2014. `Business Technologies in Contemporary Organizations`: Adoption, Assimilation, and Institutionalization. : IGI Global. Aquinas, P., 2008. Organization Structure Design:Applications Challenges. New Delhi, Inda: EXCEL BOOKS. Ashutosh, D., 2006. Digital Accounting: Th e Effects of the Internet ERP on Accounting.: IGI Global. Donald, A., 2002. Auditing EDP Systems. 2 ed.: Pearson South Africa. Eric, G. Yvonne, R., 2012. Growing Pains: Transitioning from an Entrepreneurship to a Professionally Managed Firm. 4 ed.: Wiley. James, A., 2008. Accounting Information Systems. 6 ed.: Rob Dewey. Martin, R., 2014. Top Stocks 2015: A Stokebuyer`s Guide to Leading Australian Companies. 21st ed.: Wiley. Masaaki, K. (ed.), 2016. Human- Computer Interaction: Theory, Design, Development Practice. : Springer. Ralph, D., 2013. Accounts for Solicitors. 2 ed.: Routledge. Shahzad, U. Mathew, T. (ed.), 2010. Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies. Vol 10 ed. Wagon Lane, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. Steven, P. Tim, R., 2009. Custom Wooden Sign Company. : Lulu.com. Vasconcellos, J., 2004. Quality Assurance for the Food Industry: A Practical Approach. Florida: CRC Press. Yasmine, M. Huub, L. (ed.), 2014. Food Safety Management: A Practical Guide for the Food Industry.: Elsevier. Yasuhiko, T. Mihajlo, M., 2012. Organizational Structure: Cybernetics Systems Foundation. Vol 22 ed. N.Y: Springer.

How The New England Colonist Altered The Enviornment Essay Example For Students

How The New England Colonist Altered The Enviornment Essay How the New England Colonists` Altered the New England Environment In Changes in the Land, William Cronon points out the European colonists` pursuits of a capitalistic market and the impact it had on the New England ecosystem. Native Americans and colonists had different views on the use of land resources. The Natives viewed the land as something not owned, but as a resource to sustain life. They believe in a hunting-gathering system, hunting only when necessary. In the long run Native Americans lost their old traditions and were forced to adapt to the colonists` traditions in order to survive. This change contributed even more to the alteration of the ecosystem during the colonization period. In contrast, colonists viewed the land as capitalistic market in which they used more of the land resources without taking into consideration that one day they would run out of resources. Before the colonists arrived in New England land resources were in abundance. The only ones to use these resources were the Natives, but the type of resources they used where divided in regions. Northern Indians lived entirely as hunter-gatherers, while the Indians south of the Kennebec River raised crops. (p.38) Even though the Indians used a large amount of the land resources it had very little affect on the land because of techniques in which they regained some of the land resources each season. The Southern Indians changed their farming spot each season; this actually allowed the land to recuperate and become fertile once more. Rather than raising crops all year the Indians only planted in March and June. They also used their fields to plant more than one crop; such crops included corn, beans, squash, pumpkin, and tobacco. Grain made up half of their diet; this gave the natives an advantage because grain could be easily stored for the winter. They also planted crops that fertilized the land with resources that were lost with the plantation of other plants. Indians raised crops moderately; they cultivated enough to live off of without exhausting the land. Northern Indians depended on hunting and gathering. During the spring they lived near the river which allowed them to catch fish, whales and seals. Children would catch birds and bird eggs for food. They kept their hunting to a moderation which allowed animal populations to be sustained. They also ate native plants such as strawberries, raspberries, and other wild plants. During the months of October through March Indians moved to the forest where they hunted beaver, moose and deer. They tried to use every part of the animals they hunted; they used the animals skin as clothing and their bones as tools. Certain tribes had rules on what to do with left over animal parts. They kept population from increasing in the winter by not storing enough food, which caused some Indians to die during the winter. They also set big forest fires during the summer and fall, which in the long run increased nutrients in the soil. An abundance of grass for the animals made the soil warmer and drier, which allowed oak trees to grow. When the colonists arrived everything changed, the land began to be altered. As more and more colonists came to New England they began to see things that no longer existed in their mother country, such as an abundance of trees and unused rich land. The colonists viewed Indians as idiots who did not take advantage of the rich land they had. Colonists tended to promote New England as best as possible in order to increase the amount of colonists who immigrated to the New World. .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .postImageUrl , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:visited , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:active { border:0!important; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:active , .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7ecd49248f1ec334bdcb82888a01afb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Children Arts (Importance of Scribling) Essay (p.34) This caused over population that forced the colonists to cut down forests in order to make more room for new homes and also to get more supplies of wood to build their homes. The clearing of the forest had consequences; weather conditions that did not damage the land now began to have great affects on it. The clearing of the trees made the land become dry right after a big storm due to the lack trees that kept the land moist. Creeks and rivers no longer formed because of overexposure to sunlight. The wind also began to have a great affect in the land. The trees that once stopped the dry wind from hitting the ground and damaging it were no longer there to prevent this. Due to this, the land began to loose its richness in fertility; became dry and hard making it more difficult to harvest. The surface of the land also became extremely hot in the summer and very cold in the winter. (p.122) The land was no longer capable of consuming any water; this caused all the water from the rainfall to over flood the rivers that did exist. Colonists harvested in large amounts. They believed in using all the resources of the land. They stayed on the same piece of land until the land was no longer fertile. In other words they drained it dry. This practice of draining the land dry made the recuperation process of the land longer and harder. On occasions some land never regained the richness it once held. This made Southern Indians lives` more complicated, no longer allowed to live in the old traditional ways. By this time the Indians saw resources dwindling.By this time the colonists had been introduced to the marketing of animal furs to their motherland. As the fur market increased, the population of animals decreased which meant less food for the Northern Indians who hunted. This was one of the big factors that lead to the Indians integration into the capitalistic market. Colonists` would offer Indians worthless items in exchange for beaver, deer, moose, bear skin and fur. These items became very popular among the Natives, which caused more and more of them to hunt these tradable goods in vast amounts. That also contributed to the decrease of certain animal populations. As Indians traded with colonists` more and more Natives began to interact with New Englanders. This may have seemed good at the time, but in the long run this relationship greatly affected the Indian population. As more and more colonists immigrated to New England more of them began to bring their domestic animals to the new country. In doing this they wanted to create a replica of the motherland in New England; This had big affects in the ecosystem. It was at this point that death among natives began to increase. Due to exposure to foreign animals natives began to get sicknesses of the mother country. The common cold would lead them to their death. Domestic animals began to eat the native plants and in their place foreign plants would grow. Small animals such as the gray rat, mosquitos, Hessian and black fly, cockroaches, honeybee, mice and worms became common in New England. (p.153) ?There were even mammalian weeds. ?(p.153) These new insects would damage the natives harvest; domestic animals` such as cows would roam around freely and also damage the Native crops that would create tension between both populations. (p.130) This lead to the enforcement of territory distribution among Natives and colonists`. (p.130) In Changes in the land, we see how populations of Natives and the environment have gone through a drastic change. The introduction of a capitalistic market increased the value of furs and animal skins that caused deer, moose and beaver populations to decrease in a short time period. Cutting down trees led to drastic weather changes on the land; the weather suddenly began damaging the land. .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .postImageUrl , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:visited , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:active { border:0!important; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:active , .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317 .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u505321f042a5c357e01bbbd79bb1f317:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Salem Witch Trials Essay Rainfall caused rivers to flood and causing snow to freeze and harden the land. Domestic animals began to bring Old World sicknesses to New England that caused the Indians sickness and eventually caused death. This lead to the decrease of the Indian population in a short time period. As we see colonization had a drastic affect in the ecosystem that helps us understand why things are as they are, this helps us to understand and think about how our actions may affect us in the long run. Sociology Essays